Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulations: Technical Methods and Outcomes
摘要
Overactive bladder (OAB) characterized by involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle, manifests as frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. Treatment strategies aim to decrease the hyperactivity of the detrusor muscle, allowing for greater bladder capacity and reduced urgency. After medical treatment next step of therapies for OAB include chemical denervation, sacral neuromodulation (SNS), pudendal neuromodulation and peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). PTNS needle targets the tibial nerve just above of the medial malleolus. Through repeated electrical impulses, it stimulates the neural pathways, modulating bladder function. In a meta-analysis conducted in recent years, the data of 28 studies were reviewed and as a result, it was emphasized that the cumulative success rate after PTNS treatment of 2461 patients was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59, 0.78). New technologies coming out parallel to industrial advancements is a wireless implantable stimulator which implanted under the skin just around the posterior tibial nerve approved for the management of overactive bladder. Available data support that transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) is as effective as posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of OAB, and no adverse events have been reported. In addition, prospective clinical trials with large numbers of patients are required to confirm this information.