Endourology and Robotıc Surgery in Andrology
摘要
Endourological and robotic procedures play a crucial role in the management of male infertility, particularly in cases involving anatomical obstructions or abnormalities. Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct and laparoscopic varicocelectomy are endourological procedures. And robotic surgery has been demonstrated in vaso-vasostomy, microsurgical varicocelectomy, denervation of the spermatic cord in chronic testicular pain, and microTESE procedures in non-obstructive azoospermic patients.