Microgrids are autonomous localized energy systems that can work in either isolation from or in conjunction with the main grid. They have become increasingly indispensable to modern energy systems due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) like solar, wind, and biomass. These systems offer significant improvement in energy resiliency, sustainability, and decentralized power generation. Their dependence on information and communication technology (ICT) makes them vulnerable to increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks, which may impose detrimental economic and operational impacts. This paper is a comprehensive review-based mosaic on the cybersecurity concerns related to microgrids that focus on the threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. The study mentions emerging cyber threats, describes certain vulnerabilities concerning microgrid architecture, and discusses innovative viable solutions, including cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI), advanced cryptography, and proactive resilient control strategies. The conclusions might reference the researchers, policymakers, and many operators engaged in the design of secure and efficient microgrid systems.