Across the globe, countries are struggling with growing pressures on publicly funded health systems and difficulties transitioning toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This situation is in the context of obstinate and widening health inequalities. New ways to fund health systems and improve health are needed. One potential response is social finance. This chapter explores the underrecognized and potentially underexploited role of two forms of social finance—microfinance and impact bonds—in responding to aspects of these global health challenges. These challenges involve funding and facilitating access to healthcare services and acting on health through social determinants of health. Although social finance performs imperfectly in these roles, the exploration raises interesting debates and ideas about how countries fund healthcare and impact health.