The main problem regarding the understanding and adoption of effective remedies to address African women’s challenges is exacerbated by over-reliance on Eurocentric epistemologies. Historically, the rise of feminism in the West triggered a plethora of feminist or womanist theories in partial and/or complete endorsement or rejection of feminism, but all were generally in consensus about feminist concerns with the reality of gender inequality. Despite the development of these feminist/womanist thoughts, it is ironic that the existential problem they were created to address continues to complicate, with most African women currently in dire circumstances. By introducing and discussing chikwamboism, or the chikwamboist theory, this chapter argues that there is a need to foreground African indigenous knowledge to understand the localised and contextualised conditions of African women because women and society at large understand women’s problems better from the perspective of indigenous epistemologies. Eurocentric gender theories’ hegemonic and universalising tendencies are largely the reason behind governments and the private sector’s failure to understand certain contextualised forms of oppression experienced by women in Africa’s culturally, religiously and historically heterogenous contexts. Subtle, but deeply harmful forms of women’s oppression, such as occult-based women’s oppression and its multi-faceted consequences, often castigated in Occidentalist scholarship as unscientific, and as well occluded by African womanist/feminist theories, have largely escaped the conceptual prisms of these theories. Chikwambo (goblin) practice precipitates all sorts of difficulties to women, including social death, mental exploitation, health challenges, sexual abuse, economic disempowerment, among a plethora of other problems. Since the evil practice exploits both the body and the mind, women’s potential, creativity, mental stability and self-confidence are threatened. This chapter adopts a qualitative approach, analysing some media stories and popular songs about zvikwambo (goblins) to illustrate the conceptual capabilities of the chikwamboist theory through inductive reasoning.

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Chikwamboism: Complementing African(a) Womanist/Feminist Thought in Understanding Women’s Oppression in Africa

  • Mickias Musiyiwa

摘要

The main problem regarding the understanding and adoption of effective remedies to address African women’s challenges is exacerbated by over-reliance on Eurocentric epistemologies. Historically, the rise of feminism in the West triggered a plethora of feminist or womanist theories in partial and/or complete endorsement or rejection of feminism, but all were generally in consensus about feminist concerns with the reality of gender inequality. Despite the development of these feminist/womanist thoughts, it is ironic that the existential problem they were created to address continues to complicate, with most African women currently in dire circumstances. By introducing and discussing chikwamboism, or the chikwamboist theory, this chapter argues that there is a need to foreground African indigenous knowledge to understand the localised and contextualised conditions of African women because women and society at large understand women’s problems better from the perspective of indigenous epistemologies. Eurocentric gender theories’ hegemonic and universalising tendencies are largely the reason behind governments and the private sector’s failure to understand certain contextualised forms of oppression experienced by women in Africa’s culturally, religiously and historically heterogenous contexts. Subtle, but deeply harmful forms of women’s oppression, such as occult-based women’s oppression and its multi-faceted consequences, often castigated in Occidentalist scholarship as unscientific, and as well occluded by African womanist/feminist theories, have largely escaped the conceptual prisms of these theories. Chikwambo (goblin) practice precipitates all sorts of difficulties to women, including social death, mental exploitation, health challenges, sexual abuse, economic disempowerment, among a plethora of other problems. Since the evil practice exploits both the body and the mind, women’s potential, creativity, mental stability and self-confidence are threatened. This chapter adopts a qualitative approach, analysing some media stories and popular songs about zvikwambo (goblins) to illustrate the conceptual capabilities of the chikwamboist theory through inductive reasoning.