This chapter examines the evolving role of state involvement in the nuclear power industry. While nuclear energy has historically been perceived as a competitive energy generation technology, this was never the case, and as renewables become increasingly competitive, this reality is becoming increasingly obvious. The analysis reveals that state ownership and risk mitigation are vital to the nuclear fuel supply chain, often overshadowing market forces. The trends in nuclear newbuilds predominantly center around China and Russia, where governments significantly influence reactor construction and technology dissemination. An assessment of the economic performance of key players in the industry shows that activities in the nuclear industry often entail substantial losses, resulting in heavily indebted (mostly) state companies. The work also delves into the hidden costs associated with nuclear energy, such as accident liabilities and waste management, which remain unaccounted for in conventional economic assessments like levelized cost of energy (LCOE).