This chapter provides a broad overview of the governance of public transit systems in Canada. Transit plays a relatively minor role in the overall Canadian transportation system, due to a combination of geographical and policy factors. Nonetheless, public transit is an important mode of transport in large Canadian cities. In legal terms, public transit is a responsibility of Canada’s provinces, but all provinces except for one in turn delegate this responsibility to municipal governments. This jurisdictional decentralization, together with the lack of general-purpose transit legislation in most provinces, means that the structure and governance of transit systems varies widely across cities. Transit operations depend heavily on fare box revenues, and the steep decline in ridership during the Covid-19 pandemic has produced a lingering operating revenue crisis. The capital funding situation is more positive, since all three levels of government have recently invested significant funds in expanding urban transit infrastructure. However, the vertical and horizontal fragmentation of transit governance in some city-regions has politicized, complicated and delayed the construction of new high-capacity transit lines. The chapter examines these issues and challenges with a specific focus on the three largest city-regions in Canada: Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto.