This chapter explores the application of quantum mechanics to data security and its transformative implications. It outlines the vulnerabilities of classical encryption methods and introduces alternative solutions such as post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum key distribution (QKD). It highlights developments in the emerging quantum-enabled internet. The chapter also discusses the potential benefits of blind quantum computing that allows a client to perform calculations on a quantum server while keeping the computation private. Real-world deployments and pilot projects of QKD and PQC are reviewed, along with comparative analysis of national programmes and related policy implications. The chapter discusses the possible business and economic implications of quantum communications and identifies research questions for further exploration.