This chapter provides an overview of the science of quantum mechanics and its potential business applications. It discusses the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme and other national initiatives to develop and adopt quantum technologies. The chapter discusses some basic principles of quantum mechanics, and why they could lead to economic and societal benefits, the chapter introduces an analytical framework for understanding business model innovation and explores key issues from a business and economic research perspective. Itoutlinesanumberofhistoricalcasestudiesofmajortechnologicaltransitions to provide the analytical lens for understanding the socio-technical and economic aspects of adopting quantum technologies on industry and society.