The issue of the labour market and wages in Cameroon during the pre- and post-independence period is much less studied and known to the general public. The weakest point in existing statistics on Cameroon concerns the employment and wage situation immediately after independence. Nevertheless, the period 1960–1980 marks a major turning point in the employment process and the definition of wages in Cameroon. The shift from indigenous status to salaried employment made it possible to begin macroeconomic analysis in the 1960s. The aim of this study is to analyse the historical evolution of workers and the labour market after independence, placing it in the context of the evolution of overall GDP growth and demographic trends over 60 years. Then, several key complementary aspects are examined: the comparison of formal and informal sector employment, with a focus on public and private, formal and informal labour markets, collective agreements and occupational classifications, and employment structures. Finally, on the analysis of average wages and their dispersion, particularly by socio-professional category and gender.