Emerging technologies are transforming how societies interact with the environment and developing innovative methods to deal with public health challenges. Emerging technologies like nanotechnology, biotechnology, renewable energy, artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, machine learning (ML) and remote sensing are shaping the strategies for environmental sustainability and public health protection. The dual role of emerging technologies as potential drivers of environmental sustainability and a powerful tool for promoting public health is examined in this chapter. It highlights how technologies are efficient in facilitating effective resource management, pollution reduction, climate changeClimate change mitigation and the regeneration of damaged ecosystems. Using data of manufacturing firms in BRICS nations relying on emerging technologies for their operations, it is shown that IoT usage, big data analytics and robotics significantly cut CO2 emission, while promoting energy and resource efficiency. Furthermore, chapter debates how technological developments benefit public health by strengthening early warning systems, making disease diagnosis easier and earlier, increasing water and air quality and reducing health inequalities. Through global case studies, chapter demonstrates technology-driven solutions which are successfully generating opportunities for innovative responses to environmental and public health issues. This includes the use of AI-powered climate modeling, biotechnology, nanotechnology for water purification, smart energy networks and digital gadgets to constantly monitor the environment and human health. The chapter also discusses possible risks and barriers to the deployment of developing technologies. Finally, the chapter provides a forward-thinking look at how technology may be used to create a more resilient, egalitarian and sustainable future for the environment and public health.