The article analyses the distribution of mountainous chestnut and chernozem soils in the eastern part of the Issyk-Kul basin of Kyrgyzstan, with the correct exploitation of which, against the background of innovative technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops, it is possible to obtain high yields of crops, solving the issue of food security of the country. Morphological description of soil sections, sampling for agrochemical analyses of soils, phytomass (above-ground and underground) of vegetation was carried out. Meetings with farmers were organised to discuss existing and promising (soil-protective and resource-saving technologies) agro-techniques of crop cultivation. Laboratory chemical analysis of soils for the content of mobile nutrient elements, gross forms and indicators of soil fertility (humus, soil nitrogen), as well as the content and influence of minerals on soil properties were provided. The analysis of widespread processes of dehumidification, overconsolidation, destruction of soil structure of agricultural land, leading to a decrease in crop yields. The high role of vegetation biomass in improving physical, agrochemical and biological properties of soils in the region is noted. On the basis of the above-mentioned conclusions were made about the application of resource-saving and soil-protective technologies on dark chestnut and chernozem soils of Eastern Priissykkulia, which lead to sustainable soil management and increase the income of these farms, with a corresponding standard of living in rural areas and ensuring food security in the region.