Monitoring tree life states is a crucial aspect of evaluating forest vitality in both natural and artificially disturbed environments. Determining forest vitality is a tough process since trees in various environments encounter a variety of adverse factors, including competition for habitat, drought, insect pest outbreaks, air pollution, and so on. The vitality structures of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb) populations, as well as the life states of fir and spruce trees in the South Ural region, are described in this material. The fir-spruce forests in the western part of South Ural region are primarily classified as weakened. The mountain-taiga fir-spruce forests of the central part of the South Urals were considered the healthiest stands. The spruce population was regarded as healthy as its vitality structure was dominated by healthy trees with minimal presence of other life categories. The fir population was estimated as weakened and severely weakened because dead trees account for up to one-third of the total wood stock of fir-spruce forests. It is suggested that these conifer forests be used as a reference or regional criteria of vitality level when evaluating the effects of industrial pollution on forest ecosystems since they are not directly subjected to anthropogenic stress.