Oil-polluted soils are under core focus of environmental studies. Northern regions are especially vulnerable towards oil pollution. Effective cleanup of soils needs thorough study of oil pollution transformation processes. Following such aim, esperiment sites were set up on the territory of former Talakan-Vitim oil pipeline, where several oil spills took place earlier. Conversion of hydrocarbon pollutants in permafrost soils of Yakutia was studied with application of FT- IR spectroscopy, liquid adsorption chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown for the first time, that the process of transformation of oil hydrocarbons under natural conditions in permafrost zone soils is accompanied by cyclization and aromatization of hydrocarbons and is carried out according to the scheme: aliphatic hydrocarbons → naphthenic-aromatic hydrocarbons → alcohol-benzene resins with predominance of aromatic structures, i.e. with the accumulation of components toxic to biocenoses. Oil and oil products in cryolithozone conditions retain the ability to migrate for a long time. All this indicates the need for cleaning of frozen soils from oil pollution in due time.