The transformative vision of a European Health Union, driven by digital innovation and personalized medicine, is based on the idea that health data, when shared responsibly, can enhance individual care and public welfare. This collected volume is situated within the EU’s evolving legal and policy landscape and introduces key themes such as data altruism, cybersecurity, and AI governance in healthcare. The volume’s structure is presented through three thematic sections: enabling personalized medicine, mapping stakeholder challenges, and addressing liability concerns. Each contribution offers interdisciplinary actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry actors. Given the tension between visionary policy and practical implementation, there is a pressing need for sustainable, inclusive, and patient-centered healthcare systems. This volume calls for continued research to navigate the complexities of personalized medicine as a timely response to Europe’s digital health transformation.