This study aims to identify and classify the essential digital competencies required for medical students and healthcare professionals to perform effectively in today’s digital healthcare environment. A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. The search targeted peer-reviewed publications from 2014 onwards in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies prior to 2014 were excluded to focus on competencies aligned with the rapid advancements in digital healthcare technologies over the past decade. Inclusion criteria focused on studies in English or Spanish exploring competencies such as digital literacy, telemedicine, and emerging technologies. Studies without empirical data, duplicates, and those unrelated to digital competencies were excluded. Thematic analysis, rather than pre-defined categories, guided the classification of competencies into five dimensions: general digital literacy, telemedicine, data management and digital privacy, communication in digital environments, and adaptation to emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and big data. From 652 records, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Core findings highlighted the importance of foundational skills like digital literacy and telemedicine, alongside the rising relevance of advanced technologies such as AI. Gaps in formal training and variability in competency levels were notable across contexts. The findings also emphasized the need for ethical and legal education to address challenges in privacy and security. Digital competencies are essential for integrating technology into healthcare education and practice. Training must include both foundational and advanced digital skills to align with evolving demands. Future research should examine the impact of these competencies on patient outcomes, explore strategies for integrating them into curricula, and address their implementation in resource-constrained settings.