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The concept of heat is much more complicated than any Natural Philosopher imagined until the 19th century. However, in the 19th century, Rudolph Clausius[aut]Clausius, Rudolph (1822-1888) knew enough to assert with complete confidence that: “Heat flowsHeat flow from a hot body to a cold body.” Greek philosophers held many incoherent notions about heat and this body of Natural Philosophy is thoroughly discussed. Galileo introduced both better thoughts and a real device to quantitatively measure temperature. Francis Bacon[aut]Bacon, Francis (1561-1626) (Lord Verulam) wrote extensively on the notion of heat. Descartes[aut]Descartes, René (1596-1650) both carried out seminal experiments and produced detailed theories of heat. The first major contribution to our understanding of heat is due to Robert Boyle[aut]Boyle, Robert (1627-1691) and his monograph: New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold (1665). This book is discussed in complete detail and reveals that Boyle knew more about heat and cold than anyone until the mid-19th century. The Introductory chapter (Chapter 1) sets the stage for the entire book.

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Introduction: The Concept of Heat and Boyle’s Natural History of Cold

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gary D. Patterson

摘要

The concept of heat is much more complicated than any Natural Philosopher imagined until the 19th century. However, in the 19th century, Rudolph Clausius[aut]Clausius, Rudolph (1822-1888) knew enough to assert with complete confidence that: “Heat flowsHeat flow from a hot body to a cold body.” Greek philosophers held many incoherent notions about heat and this body of Natural Philosophy is thoroughly discussed. Galileo introduced both better thoughts and a real device to quantitatively measure temperature. Francis Bacon[aut]Bacon, Francis (1561-1626) (Lord Verulam) wrote extensively on the notion of heat. Descartes[aut]Descartes, René (1596-1650) both carried out seminal experiments and produced detailed theories of heat. The first major contribution to our understanding of heat is due to Robert Boyle[aut]Boyle, Robert (1627-1691) and his monograph: New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold (1665). This book is discussed in complete detail and reveals that Boyle knew more about heat and cold than anyone until the mid-19th century. The Introductory chapter (Chapter 1) sets the stage for the entire book.