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Medical management and surgery remain mainstays in managing thyroid eye disease (TED), as described in earlier chapters. However, several minimally invasive interventions may also play a role in managing complications of TED, specifically with respect to improving eyelid position and disease activity. This chapter will review these modalities, including periocular injections of hyaluronic acid filler, botulinum toxin, triamcinolone acetonide, and others. Clinicians should note that many of these treatments are currently considered off-label.

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Non-invasive and Minimally Invasive Interventions for Rehabilitation of TED

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Michael Kryshtalskyj,
  • Erin Shriver,
  • Femida Kherani

摘要

Medical management and surgery remain mainstays in managing thyroid eye disease (TED), as described in earlier chapters. However, several minimally invasive interventions may also play a role in managing complications of TED, specifically with respect to improving eyelid position and disease activity. This chapter will review these modalities, including periocular injections of hyaluronic acid filler, botulinum toxin, triamcinolone acetonide, and others. Clinicians should note that many of these treatments are currently considered off-label.