Esports athletes face unique physical challenges, including prolonged sedentary behavior, repetitive strain injuries, and cognitive demands that require sustained focus, rapid decision-making, and optimal hand–eye coordination. This chapter explores the scientific evidence on the physiological demands of esports and the critical role of nutrition in mitigating these risks. Key topics include the impact of diet quality, macronutrients, and micronutrients on health, cognitive and physical performance, the role of hydration in maintaining optimal function, and dietary strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Additionally, case studies from professional esports teams illustrate real-world applications of these principles, providing practical insights for athletes and coaches. By integrating evidence-based nutritional strategies, esports athletes may enhance their health, reduce injury risks, and improve overall performance. While recognizing the need for further research in this area, this chapter aims to serve as a foundational guide for optimizing the health, performance, and competitive longevity of esports professionals.