Recent advances in imaging technologies have unlocked significant insights into the role of the microcirculation in health and disease. The microcirculation comprises the body’s tiniest blood vessels or microvessels and plays a crucial role delivering oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites throughout the body. This chapter introduces the reader to the arsenal of modern imaging tools that are at our disposal to interrogate, visualize, and characterize the microvascular morphology and hemodynamics that constitute the microcirculation. We describe the working principle, spatial resolution, underlying assumptions, and the advantages and limitations of each imaging technology. Our goal is to educate prospective users on how to select an imaging tool based on their specific microcirculatory research needs. Additionally, this chapter presents a host of examples to help readers familiarize themselves with how each imaging method can be utilized, ranging from applications that enhance our fundamental understanding of the microcirculation to those that catalyze the development of new drugs or tissue engineering constructs, and those that support image-guided surgery. Collectively, the breadth and scope of these applications underscore the essential role of imaging in advancing microcirculation research and accelerating diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for diseases involving the microcirculation. In summary, this chapter aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for those interested in leveraging imaging technologies to explore the microcirculation and characterize its structural and functional heterogeneity.