Anthocyanins are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, they exhibit notable biological activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects, alongside their anticancer activities. These compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair metastasis across gastrointestinal, genitourinary, breast, respiratory, and other cancers. The chapter highlights their role as co-adjuvants, enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies through the modulation, activation, inhibition, and/or enhancement of pivotal cellular processes such as cell cycle arrest, proliferative capabilities, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastasis, among others over their influence on important molecular signaling pathways, to mention few, STAT-3 and MAPKinase, EGFR/AKT/ERK, and β-catenin. Despite extensive evidence supporting their anticancer potential, further studies are warranted to elucidate their molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Anthocyanins stand as promising agents for cancer prevention and therapy. This chapter explores the anticancer potential of anthocyanins, a subclass of polyphenolic phytochemicals, focusing on their molecular mechanisms against various types of cancer.