This work investigates trends and results of development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the Russian Federation using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2024. The main stages of the historical development of entrepreneurship in Russia are considered, and the key factors influencing the success of SMEs in modern conditions are identified. Particular attention is paid to technological entrepreneurship, which is a key element of the innovative economy. In 2024, about 100 new technology companies were registered in the Republic of Tatarstan, which allowed the region to enter the top 3 in terms of the number of such enterprises. State support for SMEs remains an important development factor, including preferential lending programs, infrastructure development and stimulation of innovations. However, the sector faces challenges: a high key rate, lack of production space and a decrease in consumer activity. Despite this, SMEs continue to play a key role in import substitution and the creation of new jobs. The results of the study can be used to analyze the activities and development of SMEs in other regions of Russia.