Drive-by-wire (DbW) technology is a major change in how vehicles are controlled. Instead of using mechanical parts like cables and hydraulic lines to control the engine, brakes, and steering, DbW systems rely on electronic signals. This change is especially important for autonomous vehicles, which need to make fast, accurate, and repeatable decisions without direct human input. With DbW, the physical connection between the driver and the car’s mechanical parts is removed. Instead, control is passed through digital systems that work well with software-based control methods. This makes it easier to design and update vehicle systems and improves the precision of vehicle movements.