The automotive industry is undergoing one of the most significant technological shifts in history, marked by the convergence of advanced computing, artificial intelligence, and real-time data processing. The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has evolved from a speculative vision to a vibrant sector attracting significant investment and interdisciplinary collaboration. Today, the AV industry includes stakeholders ranging from global technology giants and established automobile manufacturers to innovative startups and governmental agencies. Their collective efforts are driven by the transformative potential of AVs: improved road safety, reduced traffic congestion, decreased emissions through optimized driving, and enhanced mobility for populations historically underserved by conventional transportation systems, such as the elderly or disabled.