The traditional construction industry’s extensive development model has become inadequate for meeting the demands of high-quality growth in the digital economy era. This paper initially examines the constraints on the digital transformation (DT) of construction enterprises through a combination of literature review and expert consultation. It then employs the Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and Analytic Network Process (ANP) models to uncover the intricate relationships among various factors influencing construction transformation. The study delves into the causal relationships between these factors and visualizes their hierarchical connections. Findings indicate that digital talent, technology application, information systems, and capital investment significantly impact the DT of the construction industry. The paper concludes with recommendations for advancing the DT of construction companies in China, aiming to offer insights for future research endeavors.