This study compares Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) across key performance metrics. Identical geometries were printed using FDM (PLA, ABS) and SLA (photopolymer resin) and evaluated for surface finish, accuracy, strength, cost, energy use, and environmental impact. SLA achieved smoother surfaces ( \(R_a \approx 2.1\,\upmu \text {m}\) ), tighter tolerances ( \(\pm 0.05\,\text {mm}\) ), and higher tensile strength (70 MPa) than FDM (PLA: 52 MPa, ABS: 48 MPa). However, FDM was faster, cheaper ( \(\sim \) 2.30 €/part vs. \(\sim \) 5.80 €/part), and consumed less energy (0.8 kWh vs. 1.0 kWh). Environmentally, FDM’s recyclable materials outperformed SLA’s resin waste. FDM suits rapid, cost-sensitive prototyping, while SLA excels in precision and aesthetics. These findings guide AM technology selection based on cost, performance, and sustainability.