Based on the Malaysia Digital Economic Corporation Digital Talent Survey 2021, 34% of Malaysia’s ICT companies experience turnover rates exceeding the global average, with 40% struggling to retain talent. This study investigates human resource practices for employee retention in Malaysia’s ICT companies during the 4IR, using Social Exchange Theory as a framework. Data from 247 employees, analysed via SPSS, revealed that training and development, compensation, and employee engagement positively impact retention. However, flexible work arrangements had no significant impact, and the relationships between HR practices and employee retention were not moderated by the work environment. Implications and recommendations are provided.