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Azoospermia affects 1% of males and accounts for 10–15% of male infertility cases. Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) poses a significant challenge in infertility treatment, necessitating surgical sperm retrieval (SSR). Predictive models play a vital role in assessing age, hormonal levels, genetics, and testicular characteristics to optimize SSR outcomes, enabling preoperative planning. Despite challenges in accurately predicting SSR success due to NOA’s multi-factorial nature, ongoing research focuses on refining predictive models. Future inventions explore combined prediction models, genomic markers, imaging, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine to enhance precision in male infertility management. Tailoring treatments based on genetic factors aims to optimize conditions for sperm retrieval, promising better outcomes in this dynamic field.

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Predictors of Sperm Retrieval for Nonobstructive Azoospermia

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Balagobi Balasingam,
  • Baris Altay,
  • Ramadan Saleh

摘要

Azoospermia affects 1% of males and accounts for 10–15% of male infertility cases. Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) poses a significant challenge in infertility treatment, necessitating surgical sperm retrieval (SSR). Predictive models play a vital role in assessing age, hormonal levels, genetics, and testicular characteristics to optimize SSR outcomes, enabling preoperative planning. Despite challenges in accurately predicting SSR success due to NOA’s multi-factorial nature, ongoing research focuses on refining predictive models. Future inventions explore combined prediction models, genomic markers, imaging, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine to enhance precision in male infertility management. Tailoring treatments based on genetic factors aims to optimize conditions for sperm retrieval, promising better outcomes in this dynamic field.