This chapter examines the role that the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and education plays in the enactment of various kinds of power, principally through the ways such systems increasingly produce, collect, and organise data. These examples will be drawn primarily from China, where, crucially, AI and education appear to be not only envisioned as methods of governing the nation state and disciplining the bodies of students, but also imagined as a technical means of calibrating and modulating populations towards particular economic aims. While the United States and China are sometimes portrayed as rivals in a new ‘cold war’ for supposed supremacy in AI, this analysis will attempt to cut across assumptions about the nation state as the underlying source of power and address a more complex array of governing logics that link the accumulation of data-driven knowledge with the accumulation of capital. Here, postdigital concepts of technology will be necessary to articulate the role of AI, not as an ‘instrument’ of power, but as a technology through which power produces effects.