The principle of sustainability continuously takes the central stage, which is pivotal in the ideology of resource efficiency, optimising these resources is a big clog in the construction industry wheel for effectiveness. It is highly imperative to harness one of the trending technologies in providing solutions to this ineffective resource optimization, particularly in complex construction systems. In this regard, the digital twin’s technology is well-positioned to address this challenge. This study aims to examine the integration of DT technology in Nigeria’s construction projects with a focus on its potential to enhance resource efficiency and challenges to implementation in complex construction projects. The methodology adopted for this study was a review of literature aided by the PRISMA approach to select literature from various databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. 14 studies that fit the research aim were chosen based on eligibility after 461 publications were filtered through several databases. The results highlight the potential of DT technology, which uses simulation, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics to maximize material use, cut waste, and boost energy efficiency. However, major obstacles to the adoption were also noted, such as high implementation costs, a lack of technological know-how, and worries about data security. The paper concluded by providing a road map for addressing barriers and promoting sustainable development in Nigeria’s construction industry, these insights deepen the understanding of the relationship between DT technology and resource efficiency.