Transfer Phenomena and Reactions Heat Impacts on Bubble Sonochemistry
摘要
This chapter examines the influence of thermal conduction, reaction heat, and mass transport on the production of H2, O, H⋅, and ⋅OH in ultrasound-driven single bubble. Numerical simulations were carried out across various bubble radii, frequencies, and acoustic amplitudes. Thermal conduction is identified as a key factor in bubble energy dynamics, with the highest species yields observed when heat exchange is excluded. The exclusion of reaction heat significantly enhances species production, particularly at higher acoustic amplitudes. In contrast, excluding mass transport revealed the lowest chemical bubble yields, despite higher bubble temperatures achieved by this model. Optimal species production occurs at ambient bubble sizes of 3, 2.5, and 2 µm for frequencies of 355, 500, and 1000 kHz using 1 atm of acoustic amplitude. At higher acoustic amplitudes, the optimal bubble size for ⋅OH production shifts to smaller radii, while the production of H⋅, O, and H2 increases with higher temperatures. Additionally, the range of active bubbles narrows as the frequency increases or the acoustic amplitude decreases, irrespective of the model configuration. Sensitivity kinetics analysis is performed to highlight the key trends of the subject.