In modern production systems, vocational education is a cornerstone for building essential competencies to operate advanced technologies and promote sustainable production practices. Equipping graduates with skills aligned with the demands is vital in the effective transformation towards the industry of the future. This paper presents findings from a questionnaire study that explores how students at technical schools in Poland specializing in electronics and mechatronics perceive future industrial technologies. The results offer valuable insights into students’ technological awareness and readiness to work within automated production environments. Students’ comprehension of the concepts of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 and its related technologies may be perceived as insufficient. However, most students believe that developing competencies related to modern industry is essential for their professional careers. They seek professional and practical activities, expect modern laboratories, but also the inclusion of up-to-date technologies in the teaching process.