Urban areas are increasingly exposed to the impacts of climate change, including extreme heat, flooding, and deteriorating air quality, all of which pose significant threats to public health and urban sustainability. Traditional infrastructure systems, often rigid and outdated, are ill-equipped to respond to these dynamic challenges. This chapter explores climate-resilient infrastructure strategies that enhance urban sustainability by integrating green infrastructure, adaptive urban planning, and public health considerations. Using a qualitative research approach, the study synthesis data from peer-reviewed literature, global policy frameworks, and comparative case studies of cities including Ahmedabad, Chennai, Rotterdam, New York, Singapore, and Copenhagen. The four core dimensions were identified: technological innovation, governance structures, health outcomes, and community participation. The results highlight that cities integrating nature-based solutions, such as permeable surfaces, green roofs, and urban forests, alongside early warning systems and adaptive water infrastructure, have significantly reduced health risks and improved resilience to climate-related stresses. However, challenges remain, especially in low- and middle-income cities, where financial, institutional, and policy constraints hinder large-scale implementation. The chapter argues that climate-resilient urban infrastructure must be inclusive, health-centred, and adaptable to varying urban contexts. It concludes by recommending mandatory health impact assessments, stronger policy integration, and community co-production in resilience planning. These strategies, if systematically adopted, can help urban areas not only withstand climate-related shocks but also enhance long-term well-being, equity, and sustainability for all residents.