The speed at which urbanization has increased, in conjunction with the consequences of global climate change, has exacerbated public health concerns in cities around the world. This chapter aims to explore the interconnection between urbanization, climate change, and public health, highlighting key interventions and strategies for fostering resilient and sustainable cities. Climate-related threats to health—namely polluted air, excessive heat, and the growing number of vector-borne illnesses—have become more widespread in rapidly urbanizing nations. The chapter emphasizes the importance of integrated urban planning methods, which include both resilience to climate change and public health accomplishments. It also addresses significant thematic areas related to urban climate adaptation, mitigation, and urban resilience. It highlights the environmental footprint of cities and demonstrates how strategic planning can mitigate the adverse health impacts of climate change. By focusing on adaptation strategies and resilient urban systems, this chapter contributes to the ongoing discourse on urban health and sustainability in the face of global environmental challenges.