This chapter examines the role of philanthropy in advancing eco-social contracts, both as a conceptual framework and a practical tool for putting these ideas into practice. It critically explores whether philanthropy’s engagement with eco-social contract thinking is sufficient to challenge dominant models of economic growth and development in Africa. Drawing on the work of the African Climate Foundation in the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JET-P) and its Adaptation and Resilience Investment Platform (ARIP), it considers how philanthropy can support the socialisation and operationalisation of eco-social contracts, highlighting the structural challenges of implementing eco-social contracts in practice. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to generate critical conversations on philanthropy’s evolving role in shaping equitable and sustainable development pathways.