This paper deals with the conditions for a concrete interaction between anthropology and phenomenology. On the one hand, anthropology has experienced a major shift in recent years as researchers such as Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Philippe Descola challenged its modern restriction to the study of “culture” and argued that anthropology aims to render intelligible the different ways of composing the world, i.e., a plurality of ontological regimes that cannot be reduced to a more fundamental sense of reality. On the other hand, anthropology’s ontological pluralism demands philosophical clarification, which a phenomenological analysis of its pluralism can provide. This paper analyzes the main conditions for this foundation by proceeding in three steps. First, I sketch the philosophical challenges raised by one variant of the ontological turn, namely Descola’s conception of “ontological regimes” and “modes of identification”. In the second section, I examine how anthropology can be addressed from a phenomenological perspective by reconstructing its status in Husserl’s phenomenology. Finally, I argue that a productive interaction between phenomenology and anthropology requires reexamining two fundamental aspects of phenomenological philosophy: the connection between facts and essences and the role of imagination in eidetic variation.