Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical movement of components of the midfacial skeleton, the maxilla or mandible, to improve occlusion and facial balance in the treatment of various dentofacial or craniofacial abnormalities. Dentofacial deformities are defined as the imbalance of the position, size, or shape of the maxilla or mandible, while craniofacial deformities include imbalance of the upper midface or cranium. These deformities may lead to problems including poor mastication efficiency, trauma to the dentition, temporomandibular joint disorders, and speech difficulties. Additionally, deviations of facial symmetry and harmony may have detrimental psychosocial effects. Orthognathic surgery is performed when nonsurgical correction with orthodontics may be harmful to the teeth or supporting structures, is unstable, or cannot address the patient’s chief concern in cases of inadequate facial esthetics. The treatment of dentofacial deformities involves a multidisciplinary approach with timing of surgical intervention around the patient’s skeletal growth and orthodontic treatment. Recent advancements in digital planning and fixation techniques in orthognathic surgery have enabled long-term stable results with relatively low complication rates.