Urban heatwaves significantly impact urban areas, affecting public health, environmental quality, and infrastructure resilience. This study aims to clearly assess the vulnerability of Guelma, Algeria, to urban heatwaves, emphasizing its specific contributions to enhancing climate resilience in this context. By integrating remote sensing techniques with localized analyzes of heat exposure patterns, this research seeks to answer critical questions about the city’s susceptibility to extreme heat and the most effective adaptation strategies. The methodology involves mapping the area’s most vulnerable to heat and conducting a thorough literature review of best practices in urban resilience. The findings indicate a notable concentration of vulnerability in both urban and agricultural regions of Guelma, highlighting the urgent need for tailored adaptation and mitigation solutions. This study not only addresses local vulnerabilities but also contributes uniquely to the field by proposing actionable strategies that can inform policy decisions and practical interventions in similarly affected cities. The significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance urban resilience against climate change impacts, making it a valuable resource for local policymakers and urban planners.