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Morocco is advancing towards smart cities by integrating innovative technologies to improve urban living, resource management, and sustainability. With abundant natural resources, particularly phosphates, Morocco is positioned to lead in sustainable energy solutions. This chapter explores the use of semiconductor technology to create advanced photovoltaic cells utilizing Morocco’s phosphate resources. We focus on the fabrication and characterization of lead phosphate (PbP) glass/metal nanocomposite thin films, designed for integration into smart city infrastructures. The study investigates the incorporation of metallic particles such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) to enhance solar energy conversion efficiency. P-N junctions are formed with PbP/Ni as the p-type semiconductor and PbP/Cr as the n-type semiconductor, addressing challenges like contact resistance and wavelength sensitivity. Results show a significant reduction in electrical resistivity with increasing metal concentration and a narrowing of the optical band gap while maintaining transparency. Temperature-dependent conductivity studies and figure of merit (FOM) evaluations provide further insight into the films’ semiconducting properties. This research highlights the potential of PbP/metal nanocomposites to boost energy efficiency in smart cities, supporting Morocco’s goals for sustainable energy and showcasing the value of phosphate resources in advancing photovoltaic technology.

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Harnessing Morocco’s Abundant Phosphate Resources: Advancements in Lead Phosphate Glass/Metal Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Cells for Smart Cities and Benchmarking Against Silicon Efficiency

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Maryama Hammi,
  • Abderrahim Ed-Daoui,
  • Fuad Khoshnaw,
  • Noureddine Chafi,
  • Mouad Bargani,
  • Tadeusz Szumiata,
  • Hicham Kaddouri,
  • Abdelhafid Elouassidi

摘要

Morocco is advancing towards smart cities by integrating innovative technologies to improve urban living, resource management, and sustainability. With abundant natural resources, particularly phosphates, Morocco is positioned to lead in sustainable energy solutions. This chapter explores the use of semiconductor technology to create advanced photovoltaic cells utilizing Morocco’s phosphate resources. We focus on the fabrication and characterization of lead phosphate (PbP) glass/metal nanocomposite thin films, designed for integration into smart city infrastructures. The study investigates the incorporation of metallic particles such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) to enhance solar energy conversion efficiency. P-N junctions are formed with PbP/Ni as the p-type semiconductor and PbP/Cr as the n-type semiconductor, addressing challenges like contact resistance and wavelength sensitivity. Results show a significant reduction in electrical resistivity with increasing metal concentration and a narrowing of the optical band gap while maintaining transparency. Temperature-dependent conductivity studies and figure of merit (FOM) evaluations provide further insight into the films’ semiconducting properties. This research highlights the potential of PbP/metal nanocomposites to boost energy efficiency in smart cities, supporting Morocco’s goals for sustainable energy and showcasing the value of phosphate resources in advancing photovoltaic technology.