This article addresses the detailed study of the Chlorophyte Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, focusing on its energetic properties and biomass generation. After carefully analyzing 180 initial sources, 70 were selected with special attention to technological advances and innovative approaches that will contribute to the understanding of the biotechnological capabilities of Chlorella vulgaris. In the energy field, the capacity of Chlorella vulgaris to produce energy stands out, as has been demonstrated in studies on its application in the production of biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, and other products derived from its biomass. These discoveries highlight the versatility of Chlorella vulgaris in the generation of sustainable energy, which contributes significantly to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and its fundamental role in reducing the overexploitation of other sources for obtaining polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are essential for human health. In addition to its potential in energy generation, Chlorella vulgaris has also shown promise in other biotechnological fields.