This research highlights the role of biotechnology and renewable energy as a sustainable alternative to the energy crisis and global warming. It does so by evaluating the potential of marine microbial communities to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use electroactive microorganisms to convert organic matter into electrical energy and, at the same time, treat wastewater. The study involved the collection of 2 kg of marine sediment from the mouth of the water from the Wastewater Treatment Plant. The sample was then transported in a cold chain to the laboratory. The MFCs were designed as single-chamber stacks with two electrodes (anode and cathode). The prototype consisted of a 250 ml capacity vessel, where the anode was made of a copper plate coated with activated carbon, while the cathode was a zinc plate. The installation of the cells involved the prior disinfection of the cells and the subsequent addition of 20 grams of marine sediment with 180 ml of Bushnell Haas Broth. The MFCs were kept at room temperature (20–25 °C) for 30 days. During this period, voltage and pH variations were monitored using specific equipment. Bacterial density was characterized using different agar media to isolate heterotrophic bacteria, yeasts, coliforms, and E. coli as water quality indicators. The VITEK 2 Compact refers to an automated system that performs both microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results indicated a significant reduction in heterotrophic bacteria and E. coli, along with variations in voltage and pH during the operation of the MFCs. These findings, which demonstrate the effectiveness of MFCs in both power generation and pollutant removal, provide reassurance about their potential as a sustainable energy and environmental sustainability solution. They concluded that MFCs offer a promising alternative to address current environmental challenges.