Uranium, a radionuclide, is highly toxic in nature. Its occurrence at elevated concentrations in different matrices is a worldwide topic of concern. Therefore, the present study is designed to provide a picture of uranium solubility in various environmental matrices. In this context, we highlighted its uses in different fields and sources in aqueous systems. In addition, it also highlights the fluctuations in uranium content at different geological locations, thereby focusing on regions with high-level prevalence. We discuss analytical techniques that are efficiently applied for precise measurement. Emphasis is given to the human health issues posed by the consumption of uranium-contaminated water. We also briefly discuss remedial strategies adopted for uranium removal and future perspectives of this study with advancements toward sustainable practices for uranium-affected zones.