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Mankind is exposed to uranium concentrations through drinkable water, inhalation and terrestrial sources, which deliver radiation to cells and tissues. Acute and chronic exposure to uranium radionuclides can lead to severe biological and radiation health risks. The influence of water chemistry on uranium solubility has received considerable attention; however, comparative studies in different water systems, such as groundwater and surface water, including aquatic and marine environments, are still needed. One of the radionuclide contaminants of water bodies is uranium, which is found in diverse water systems (groundwater and surface water bodies), and its significant concentrations depend on natural and man-made activities. Rock–water interactions controlled by hydrochemical and hydrogeological conditions, discharge of effluents in water bodies from industries and factories, the use of agrochemicals for crop production, and the use of chemical and nuclear weapons for conflict and warning are the major sources of uranium and its decay series in water bodies. The solubility and dissolving capacity of uranium in water depend on the physical and chemical characteristics and modified conditions of water chemistry. Water chemistry parameters that influence or control uranium solubility in different water systems include temperature, water pH, oxidation state, redox potential, and dissolved carbonate and phosphate contents. Increasing the temperature of the water system influences the reaction rate. The pH of water is one of the factors controlling the speciation of uranium in water. Among the oxidation states of uranium(II), uranium(III), uranium(VI), uranium(V) and uranium(IV) ions, the oxidation state of uranium(VI) ions is the most stable in aqueous solutions and is highly mobile and present as uranyl ions ( \( U{O}_2^{+2} \) ). Water chemistry influences uranium adsorption/desorption by changing the surface charge and solubility of minerals, the uranium oxidation state and speciation, and the speciation of aqueous and surface complexes.

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Water Chemistry Influence on Uranium Solubility Across Diverse Water Systems: A Comparative Study

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Benjamin Uchechukwu Nwaka,
  • Emmanuel Obinna Ogueri,
  • I. Fabian Ezema,
  • Mamta Bisht

摘要

Mankind is exposed to uranium concentrations through drinkable water, inhalation and terrestrial sources, which deliver radiation to cells and tissues. Acute and chronic exposure to uranium radionuclides can lead to severe biological and radiation health risks. The influence of water chemistry on uranium solubility has received considerable attention; however, comparative studies in different water systems, such as groundwater and surface water, including aquatic and marine environments, are still needed. One of the radionuclide contaminants of water bodies is uranium, which is found in diverse water systems (groundwater and surface water bodies), and its significant concentrations depend on natural and man-made activities. Rock–water interactions controlled by hydrochemical and hydrogeological conditions, discharge of effluents in water bodies from industries and factories, the use of agrochemicals for crop production, and the use of chemical and nuclear weapons for conflict and warning are the major sources of uranium and its decay series in water bodies. The solubility and dissolving capacity of uranium in water depend on the physical and chemical characteristics and modified conditions of water chemistry. Water chemistry parameters that influence or control uranium solubility in different water systems include temperature, water pH, oxidation state, redox potential, and dissolved carbonate and phosphate contents. Increasing the temperature of the water system influences the reaction rate. The pH of water is one of the factors controlling the speciation of uranium in water. Among the oxidation states of uranium(II), uranium(III), uranium(VI), uranium(V) and uranium(IV) ions, the oxidation state of uranium(VI) ions is the most stable in aqueous solutions and is highly mobile and present as uranyl ions ( \( U{O}_2^{+2} \) ). Water chemistry influences uranium adsorption/desorption by changing the surface charge and solubility of minerals, the uranium oxidation state and speciation, and the speciation of aqueous and surface complexes.