Uranium, as a radioactive element and strategic resource, is of great significance for environmental protection, nuclear energy utilization, and health risk assessment. With the exploration of uranium in recent years, the study of soluble uranium has become important for understanding and separating uranium from different places. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties, geological background, applications, and environmental impact are elaborated in detail by exploring the form of uranium present in solution, oxidation state, solubility, complexation behavior, acid-alkalinity, and redox properties. The intrinsic relationship between uranium and uranium ions was clarified, as well as the characteristics, distribution, transformation and migration behavior of the dominant species of uranium in diverse water environment were further elaborated. The research significance of the dissolution and migration behavior of uranium in natural ecosystems, public health risk, uranium resource management and sustainable use of energy was introduced. These findings can provide scientific guidance for accurately predicting uranium behavior and risks in water quality, provide a theoretical basis for chemical research on water uranium, and promote research progress in effectively separating and utilizing uranium in the future. This will not only improve environmental monitoring and pollution control strategies but also promote innovative applications in the fields of nuclear energy and materials science.