The previous Chap. 8 has already given an outlook on the possibility, urgency and necessary agenda of a new scientific realism. Here I would like to summarise as concisely as possible the main conclusions of the individual chapters as steps in my argument for why we should strive for a such a new scientific realism. The aim of this book was to show why the variants of realism in philosophy of science that have been and are currently predominantly represented are argumentatively insufficient, why common forms of anti-realism are equally unconvincing and how this debate motivates a new scientific realism (NSR) - all this in the context of the natural sciences.