Based on the EU projects “Digital Coach” and “Digital Coach Intelligence”, this article discusses the role of AI-based learning and assistance systems in learning factories. A central research question is how the concept of the learning factory can be further developed using AI-based learning and assistance systems (e.g. FESTO). As a starting point, the central motives of the projects and the relevant fields of activity are described. In the context of the theoretical frame of reference, the socio-technical approach is presented in order to explain the prerequisites for the successful implementation of AI-based solutions. Reference is also made to the concept of explainable AI. Furthermore, the current state of research regarding AI-oriented maturity models is described and how these are to be further developed in the “Digital Coach Intelligence” project. It also describes the extent to which the use of an AI maturity model is of central importance for learning factories. Following on from this, the further development of the concept of learning and research factories is elaborated as well as the field of activity of a Digital Coach Intelligence. Learning factories play a special role in the ecosystem of in-company training, which are embedded in corresponding cooperation networks in the sense of a comprehensive learning architecture. Finally, an outlook on implications for research and practice is given.