This chapter explores the long-term and largely overlooked impact of chemical weapons on civilian populations, focusing on the 1987 mustard gas attack on Sardasht, Iran. As one of the first chemical assaults targeting civilians, the Sardasht bombing left enduring physical, psychological, and socio-economic consequences for thousands of survivors. Drawing from historical records, health studies, and personal narratives, this study examines the chronic physical ailments—particularly respiratory, dermatological, and ocular conditions—as well as the psychological trauma experienced by survivors and their children. The chapter highlights the compounded social and economic burdens, especially for women, and the persistent stigma that deepens isolation and suffering. It critiques the muted international response to Iraq’s use of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq war and calls for stronger global action to support victims. Through advocacy, medical intervention, and legal reform, the chapter urges the international community to recognize Sardasht’s suffering and take meaningful steps toward justice, prevention, and comprehensive survivor care.