Chapter 4 considers the consequential impacts of the current BEV—the challenge of a support infrastructure, the issue of driving range, recent and ongoing battery developments, the issue of time to recharge. The chapter then considers the challenges of fuel supply—commercial infrastructure—domestic infrastructure—electricity infrastructure—BEV technology, and goes on to review dynamic electric charging trials, end-of-life recycling and recycling of BEV batteries and its challenges, in particular, those associated with lithium recycling and the chapter concludes with efforts to drive down the cost of BEV batteries.