In this chapter I look at what it might mean for public health (and the aspects of medicine relevant to public health) to be decolonized, and demonstrate how doing so could significantly improve the health of postcolonial populations. Throughout this book my examples have largely been drawn from Africa, and in particular South Africa. This theme will continue in this chapter, but most of the substantive claims are as applicable to any postcolonial country where indigenous knowledge has been systematically marginalized. I conclude that public health can be decolonized by applying capacities-based principlism through the lens of the marginalized.