Determining the appropriate criminal justice response for the older criminal offender is often difficult. In this chapter, various responses of the justice system to older offenders are considered, based on the specific situational factors of the older offenders and their special needs. If the offender has mental health or substance abuse problems, the needs of both the older offender and the community can best be served by participation in a community-based treatment program. The findings of evidence-based research can be very useful in the planning of community-based programs for the older criminal offender. The description of several community-based programs that are grounded in the cooperation and coordination of professionals from the fields of medicine, education, social work, and justice agencies that have been shown to be effective in treating the older criminal are included in the chapter. Community-based supervision and treatment options such as probation, parole, and community residential treatment are considered in reference to their application to the older offender.